琼北自流盆地地下水三维数值模拟研究

考虑琼北自流盆地承压水存在复杂天窗、越流补给的径流途径,将该区地下水系统刻画为完整的三维数学模型,并以雷琼坳陷盆地中心--琼州海峡中心作为承压水海底等效隔水边界,较好地解决了琼北自流盆地地下水资源模拟的承压水海底等效边界的界定,其模拟结果与水文长观孔的资料拟合度较高,表明建立的水文地质模型具有准确性,可用于地下水资源的定量评价,对合理利用地下水有重要的意义.     

A Multi‐Scale Soil Moisture Monitoring Strategy for California: Design and Validation

A multi‐scale soil moisture monitoring strategy for California was designed to inform water resource management. The proposed workflow classifies soil moisture response units (SMRUs) using publicly available datasets that represent soil, vegetation, climate, and hydrology variables, which control soil water storage. The SMRUs were classified, using principal component analysis and unsupervised K‐means clustering within a geographic information system, and validated, using summary statistics derived from measured soil moisture time series. Validation stations, located in the Sierra Nevada, include transect of sites that cross the rain‐to‐snow transition and a cluster of sites located at similar elevations in a snow‐dominated watershed. The SMRUs capture unique responses to varying climate conditions characterized by statistical measures of central tendency, dispersion, and extremes. A topographic position index and landform classification is the final step in the workflow to guide the optimal placement of soil moisture sensors at the local‐scale. The proposed workflow is highly flexible and can be implemented over a range of spatial scales and input datasets can be customized. Our approach captures a range of soil moisture responses to climate across California and can be used to design and optimize soil moisture monitoring strategies to support runoff forecasts for water supply management or to assess landscape conditions for forest and rangeland management.     

江汉平原东部地区地下水资源的开发利用与保护

根据国家科技攻关的结果，论证了江汉平原东部地区地下水资源的分区和地下水单元的富水性，水质，含水层的水文地质地征，地下水开发利用合理井距，单井开采水量，提出了地下水资源开发利用中的保护对策。     

山东沿海防护林体系森林承载能力

本文试图从森林承载力的主要影响因素入手,通过人均消耗木材、薪柴、水果、干果等四个反映不同生活水平的指标,分析山东省沿海防护林体系的森林生产力及其与人口、经济社会发展的相关关系,预测山东沿海防护林体系不同时期、不同生活水平条件下的森林承载力,并探讨提高森林承载力的对策途径。     

我国水产科学研究状况及发展战略浅谈

根据我国的国情，内陆水体水产学的研究重心应从发展渔业转移到保护水质上来，这种转移是与国际潮流相一致的，也是符合国民经济需求和民族长远利益的，必须努力促进这个学科方向的转移，并通过科学导向将我国水产开发的重点转向海洋，给我们的子孙后代留下了赖以生存的清洁水源。     

东北蝲蛄资源及其开发利用

东北蛄是世界淡水鳌虾的一种，在我国仅产于黑龙江流域，是风味独特的水产珍品，但未被人们重视。本文根据近年来的部分研究成果，初步报道了东北蛄资源现状生物学、特性及其经济价值，并提出开发利用途径．     

煤矿区域可持续发展的动力学模型

本文从系统论的观点出发 ,结合当前煤矿区域的实际情况 ,给出了煤矿区域系统所具备的动力学性质和特征 ,通过所建的一个数学模型 ,探讨了煤矿区域煤炭资源持续利用与地方经济可持续发展之间的非线性关系及其调控措施     

水资源约束下的山东半岛经济与环境协调状态定量评价研究

山东半岛是山东省和我国东部沿海地区经济、社会较为发达的地区之一．也是人口密度大、自然资源特别是水资源紧张的地送。随着经济规模的不断扩大，山东半岛水资源与水环境对经济、社会发展的制约作用最为明显。本研究旨在探寻山东半岛经济社会发展与水资源和水环境的协调状况．在此基础上提出经济社会发展与水资源和水环境协调的对策措施。本文在广泛占有资料和调查研究的基础上．通过计算山东半岛水资源的总量、水资源供需平衡及水资源利用效益．分析了当前水资源的开发利用现状．指明了因为不合理开发利用而导致的环境生态后果。运用特尔斐法和AHP法构建了新的评价指标体系．定量评价了山东半岛当前经济发展与资源、环境的协调程度。结果表明山东半岛正处于由弱协调型向基本协调型的过渡阶段．为实现山东半岛经济和社会的可持续发展．提供了理论依据。     

Poverty and the Deterioration of Natural Soil Capital in the Peruvian Altiplano

The Peruvian altiplano is a marginal agricultural region with limited infrastructure, climate constraints, and high levels of poverty. Data were collected from 265 farms in four different agricultural regions, and data from three of those regions are analyzed here. Regressions were run with soil nutrient loss, soil depth loss, and yield loss over the past 20 years, as perceived by farmers. Location, topographical and management factors were considered. Additional regressions were run to examine the determinants of two agricultural management practices which were found to affect soil quality, namely fallowing and ploughing vertical furrows. Use of traditional fallowing (aynoca) was associated with helping to preserve soil quality, and was practiced by households with more education, with higher non-farm income, and in villages which had benefitted from natural resource development projects. Vertical furrowing similarly was associated with helping preserve soil quality, and was practiced by households with fewer unmet basic needs. These results have implications for the agricultural and development strategies to be followed in the region.     

青城山旅游资源美感环境质量评价

青城山是我国第一批国家重点风景名胜区之一，名山钟灵毓秀，那烟雨蒙蒙的翠峰，奔泻直下的飞泉，白云缭绕的通天石窟，神奇梦幻的水晶溶洞吸收了无数中外游客，本文在青城山区景区进行了实地考察的基础上，对青城山旅游资源的美感质量做了初步的，客观的，定性定量的分析。